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Let us say you had one legit $20 and one really good photocopy of that same $20. If someone were to attempt to spend both the true bill and the fake one, someone that took the trouble of looking at both of those bills' consecutive numbers would see that they had been the same number, and thus one of them needed to be fictitious.

That isn't a perfect analogy--we will explain in more detail below. .

Once a miner has confirmed 1 MB (megabyte) worth of Bitcoin transactions, they are entitled to win the 12.5 BTC. The 1 MB limit was established by Satoshi Nakamoto, and is an issue of controversy, as some miners believe the block size ought to be increased to accommodate more data.

Note that I stated that verifying 1 MB worth of transactions makes a miner qualified to earn Bitcoin--not everyone who verifies transactions will receive paid off.

1MB of transactions can theoretically be as little as 1 transaction (though this is not in any way common) or several thousand. It depends on how much data the transactions consume.

In order to earn Bitcoin, you need to meet two conditions. One is a matter of effort, one is a matter of luck.

2) You must be the first miner to arrive at the perfect answer to a numeric issue. This practice is also known as a proof of work.

The fantastic news: No advanced math or computation is involved. You might have heard that miners are solving challenging mathematical problems--that's not true in any way. What they are doing is trying to be the first miner to think of a 64-digit hexadecimal number (a"hash")  which is less than or equal to the hash.

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The bad news: Because it is guesswork, you need a lot of computing power over here in order to get there first. To mine successfully, you need to have a higher"hash rate," that is measured in terms of megahashes per second (MH/s), gigahashes per second (GH/s), and terahashes per second (TH/s).

If you want to estimate just how much Bitcoin you can mine with your mining rig's hash rate, the website Cryptocompare provides a helpful calculator.

Either a GPU (graphics processing unit) miner or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) miner. These can run from $500 into the tens of thousands.  Some miners--especially Ethereum miners--purchase individual graphics cards (GPUs) as a cheap method to cobble together mining operations.  The photograph below is a makeshift, high-tech mining machine.  The cards are those rectangular cubes with whirring circles.  Note the sandwich twist-ties holding the graphics cards to the metal rod.

Case in point I tell three friends that I'm thinking go now of a number between 1 and 100, and I write that number on a sheet of paper and seal it in an envelope. My friends don't need to guess the exact number, they simply must be the first person to figure any number that's less than or equal to the number I am thinking of.

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Let's say I am thinking of the number 19. If Friend A guesses 21, they lose because 21>19. If Friend B guesses 16 and Friend C supposes 12, then they have both theoretically arrived at workable answers, since 16<19 and 12<19. There is no"extra credit" for Friend B, even though B's answer was closer to the goal answer of 19. .

In Bitcoin terms, simultaneous answers happen frequently, but at the end of the day there can only be one winning answer. When multiple simultaneous answers are presented that are equivalent to or less than the target number, the Bitcoin network will determine by a simple majority--51 percent --that miner to honour. Normally, it is the miner who has done the most work, i.e.

The losing block then becomes an"orphan block" .

Now imagine that I present the"figure what number I'm thinking of" question, however I'm not asking only three friends, and I am not thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Rather, I am asking millions of prospective miners and I am thinking about a 64-digit hexadecimal number. Now you see that it is going to be quite difficult to guess the right answer.

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The number above has 64 digits. Easy enough to understand up to now. As you probably noticed, that number consists not only of numbers, but also letters of this alphabet. Why is that

In order to understand what these letters are doing in the middle of numbers, let us unpack the word"hexadecimal."

As you knowwe use the"decimal" system, which means it's base 10. This in turn means that each and every digit has 10 chances, 0-9.